Social Philosophy

Two Kinds of Caring: Nurturing and Challenging

Care is not sentiment but structure. Cotometism distinguishes two forms of care—nurturing and challenging—that together sustain and renew freedom.

Cotometism redefines care as an intentional act that responds to vulnerability. It distinguishes between nurturing care, which preserves Life Autonomy when it is fragile, and challenging care, which strengthens Life Autonomy when it can grow. Together, these forms of reciprocity provide the practical means by which freedom survives—personally and institutionally.